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Global supply problems affecting energy and food are already becoming noticeable in everyday life. In India, long lines lasting several hours are forming at gas stations, while it remains unclear whether sufficient fuel is available. In the United Kingdom, reports indicate that only about two days of fuel remain. Empty shelves and possible panic buying point to food shortages. In Australia, farmers warn of severe impacts from rising costs and limited resources on production. These developments are linked to global crises and highlight the vulnerability of existing supply systems.
In the United States, experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic reveal structural weaknesses in supply chains. The heavy concentration of meat processing among a few large companies led to significant bottlenecks throughout the entire production chain when disruptions occurred. Slaughterhouses processing thousands of animals daily were temporarily unable to operate, forcing livestock to be held longer and increasing costs. At the same time, smaller processing facilities faced major delays, in some cases up to a year and a half. A cyberattack on the company JBS further worsened the situation. Shortages persist to this day, as smaller facilities continue to be booked months in advance.
Supply depends heavily on functioning transport chains, especially trucking. Supermarkets typically hold only about three days’ worth of inventory, meaning even short-term disruptions in fuel deliveries would have immediate effects. Rising energy prices are also increasing costs across the entire production and supply chain. At the same time, structural changes in agriculture are exacerbating the situation: grazing land and livestock numbers in the United States have declined significantly over decades, from around 18 million to about 8 million animal units per month in the western regions, while approximately 320 million people still need to be supplied.